Social Media And Political Economy - 1174 Words

Fuchs s article relates social media with power and political economy, which roots in Karl Max s critical theory toward capitalism s exploit on free labor sources. Recall from what Fuchs mentioned on chapter one, he discussed about the concept of social media by introducing a four dynamic process: cognition, communication and co-operation. Each one is closely associated with a notion of sociality from different philosophical points of view. However, in this chapter, he extends the critical theory focusing on analyzing social media as ideology and political economy. Fuchs started with pointing out that contemporary social media are not participatory. He argues that researchers who stand for social media-optimism overlooked two central†¦show more content†¦In the sphere of production, labors are forced to enter class relations and produce profits in order to survive. This process enables capitalists to take advantage of labor s surplus value. Surplus value is the part of the w orking day that is unpaid by the capitalists. Thus, the production of surplus value is the process of exploitation. Fuchs relates the notion of exploited surplus value to the critics of social media advertising. Reorganizing the watching audience in terms of demographics is a form of relative surplus value production (Jhally, 1987). In non-targeted advertising, advertisers spread multiple advisements to different user groups according to their online behavior and shopping interests that access by monitoring them on social media platforms. In contrast, traditional media such as TV, audiences see the same advertisement at the same time. In targeted advertising, the advertisers can spread more advertising that is more likely to fit in the interests of consumers at the same time. As the efficiency of advertising increased, the surplus value process speeds up. Moreover, the difference between traditional media and social media is that users on stoical media sites are both content produce rs and consumers. In addition, audience communication in traditional media such as newspaper and radio were based on a statistical assessment of audience rates and characteristics. While, social media monitor users Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of The Political Economy872 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory of the political economy in the context on media studies, is that behind every media product, has a commercial and economic imperative and as such, has particular impacts on the media content that would not exist if such imperatives ceased to exist. It is these impacts that both limit media products, and allow media products of a particular nature exist. A political economic approach in the production of media is in contrary to the nature of media itself; accuracy, integrity and authenticityRead MoreThe Political Economy And Cultural Studies Theories1429 Words   |  6 PagesMass media plays an important role in the society by providing entertainment, information and acting as the gov ernment’s overseer. Several scholars have developed philosophies that help people understand how mass media fulfills its roles in the society. For example, Horkheimer and Adorno have constructed theories that explain the functions and impacts of mass media in the society across the globe (Mosco, 2008). The central theme in all mass communication models entails the meaning of media contentsRead MoreThe Political Economy Of Communication792 Words   |  4 PagesThe political economy of communication is using political economy approach to analyse the media and communication. 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In twenty-first century, mediaRead MoreGina Rinehart s Accumulation Of Fairfax Shares Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesGina Rinehart and Fairfax Gina Rinehart’s accumulation of Fairfax shares is used as a case study in the context of a political economy analysis because of the existence in the case study of political systems protecting economic and power structures in society. The traditional justification for journalism has been that it can act as a watchdog on powerful government and corporations. The issue with Gina Rinehart’s share in Fairfax, is that one of the most powerful sectors in Australian society, theRead MoreThe Political Economy Of The Media978 Words   |  4 PagesThis unit â€Å"The Political Economy of the Media† we try to understand what the correlation is between the political economy and its influence on the media and when did the economy start to effect the media. 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In the last few decades many long-term factors have become less important due to partisan and social de-alignment, whilst the short-term factors have been ever more emphasisedRead MoreEgypt is a republic in northeastern area of Africa it was known as the United Arab Republic until1500 Words   |  6 PagesUnited Arab Republic until 1971. Egypt is an ancient civilization that grew from 2600 to 30 BC. Egypts economic range includes involvement with mainly tourism, construction and manufacturing. Curre ntly, Egypt’s economy is not doing well. Because of the revolution in 2011, the Egyptian economy has gone from bad to worse. The country’s unemployment is still increasing which is causing the budget deficit. Job creation is virtually impossible, and the Egyptian pound has lost majority of its value. To makeRead MoreCauses Behind the Change in American Political Culture1437 Words   |  6 Pages1. There were a few things that changed in American political culture between 2004 and 2012. The political culture became more polarized, as media and political rhetoric escalated significant following the 2008 election. The political landscape was change by the 2008 election, which saw an expansion of red states, and renewed interest in politics from African-Americans and Hispanics, two groups that traditionally vote Democrat. The heightened rhetoric can be seen as something of an extension of cultureRead MoreEssay on Hungary Economic Crisis1672 Words   |  7 Pagesand Centr al Bank Independence 5 The Media Law 5 Loophole Legislating 5 Statement of Key Problems 5 Hungary had two major problems, namely: 5 Political Climate 6 A Shift to the Right 6 Governance and Legislation 6 Economic Climate 7 Monetary Policy and Central Bank Independency 7 Crisis taxes, renationalisation of pension, and borrowing 7 Generation and Evaluation of a Range of Alternatives 7 Political climate 7 Economic climate 8 Recommendations

Behavioral Science TV Character Evaluation Free Essays

Sigmund Freud’s chief contributions to the field of psychology are his investigations into the nature of the â€Å"unconscious† and the psychosexual development stages of human beings especially the infants. It was Freud who proposed that a crucial part of human development depends on the person’s ability to overcome or control his respective pleasures during the stage of infancy or childhood. The inability to control these pleasures, Freud claims, will certainly take their toll on the individual during the latter stages in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Science TV Character Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, Carl Rogers proposed that understanding human personalities and relationships require an approach that focuses on the individual rather than on the external environment that are presumed to influence people’s behaviors. He formulated a person-centered theory that is founded on at least nineteen propositions, all of which are tied to the general notion of treating the individual as the foundation of any inquiry into human personalities and relationships. His concept of a person who is able to function fully departs from other ideas in the sense that he does not discount the idea that even those things which we perceive as destructive can also contribute to the growth of the person. Finally, Carl Gustav Jung championed the idea that spirituality is an integral part of human development, even taking an important role in his concepts of therapy in curing an individual from both physical and emotional difficulties. He also focused on the concepts of the â€Å"archetype† as well as the anima and the animus, quite apart from his elaborate discussions on the concept of the â€Å"collective unconscious† and the â€Å"complex†. Moreover, he also espoused the concept of â€Å"individuation† as a way for an individual to realize his fullest potentials. How to cite Behavioral Science TV Character Evaluation, Papers

Education Revenue Soars to Become Australia $20 Billion Export

Question: Discuss about the Education Revenue Soars to Become Australia $20 Billion Export. Answer: Introduction: The topic chosen for this essay is Education revenue soars to become Australia's $20 billion export (Financial Review 2016). It has been taken from The Australian Financial Review (AFR), which is a business and finance newspaper and is published six days a week. This essay will provide a brief summary of the news article and will comment on the background to the chosen news. It will analyze the importance of the news in international business and it will also comment on how the key issue in the news would affect the Australian exports. This news is regarding the rising of education revenue to become Australias $20 billion export industry. According to this news, the export revenue comes from the international students, who are driven by the lower dollar (Financial Review 2016). The trade figures released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics revealed that in Australia, the total spending by the international students was estimated to be $19.2 billion in the year 2015, and in the previous year of 2014, it was estimated to be $17 billion (Financial Review 2016). They spent on the course fees, living expenses, accommodation and recreation (Financial Review 2016). According to Phil Honeywood, who is the executive director of the International Association of Australia, this data has revealed that a significant contribution has been given by the international students to the economy of Australia, particularly at the time when there was a declining of the resource exports (Bhandari and Blumenthal 2013). The impact of low er dollar has increased the economy of this country as several international students arrive in this country to pursue education, which is relatively inexpensive (Financial Review 2016). According to the Federal International Education Minister, the lower dollar has a real impact on the populations of international students. The 13% increase in education exports in the year 2015 followed 14% growth in the year 2014 and has raised concerns regarding the sustainability of the sector (Financial Review 2016). Source: (Financial Review 2016) The background of the chosen news revolves around the export revenue has rise due to the international students studying and living in Australia. Due to this reason, the economy of the country has also increased in the recent years (Bhandari and Blumenthal 2013).International educational has become a major employer and this particular sector has provided support to around 135,000 individuals of this country (Marginson 2015). The government continues to work in ensuring that international education persists to be one of the most significant contributors to the rising strength of the economy of this country and source of employment in the future (Olsen et al. 2015). Source: (Marginson 2015) With respect to the international business, the importance of this news relies on the fact that due to the growing numbers of the international students in Australia, the economy of this country has increased to a noteworthy extent (Dyster and Meredith 2012). The sector of international education of this country has now achieved height of success (Stromquist and Monkma 2014). The direct contribution of this particular sector evaluates the benefit that is created directly due to the expenses on fees, services as well as on the other commodities (Marginson, S., 2015). The spending on services and goods also contribute directly towards employment in the Australian economy (Arnove et al. 2012). These aspects have made this country more efficient and therefore, it can compete with almost all the other countries of the world. The international enrolment data for the first half of the year 2015 has been released by The Australian Department of Education and Training and is attempting to for continuing the powerful economic growth of this country (Marginson 2015). The competitors of Australia need to learn regarding the efficiency of the education system of this country and attracting large number of students from all the corners of the world (Arnove et al. 2012). Source: (Stromquist and Monkma 2014) The key issue in the news has affected the Australian exports in a way that it has become a significant part of the economy of Australia (Olsen et al. 2015). International education has paved a way for economic and social associations, which sustain long-standing rewards in Australia and its business counterparts (Marginson, S., 2015). It has affected the business, research and cultural associations within as well as between Australia and its associates (Stromquist and Monkma 2014). It provides additional income to the institutions of Australia and enables them in improving the quality of the facilities together with the services of education (Olsen et al. 2015). It assists in placing those graduates, who are capable to hold prominent, social, economic, political and systematic roles within their countries (Stromquist and Monkma 2014). It also helps in internationalizing the cities as well as towns in an era of globalization (Lauder et al. 2012). The impact of lower dollar has increa sed the economy of this country as a number of international students arrive in this country to pursue education, which is comparatively inexpensive (Dyster and Meredith 2012). The involvement of this sector evaluates the additional worth that is formed directly due to the expenses on fees, services and on the other goods (Arnove et al. 2012). The expenditure on services and goods also contribute directly towards employment in the economy of Australia (Dyster and Meredith 2012). These characteristic have made this country more resourceful and therefore, it can compete with almost all the other countries of the world (Bhandari and Blumenthal 2013). To conclude, in the recent years the economy of Australia has increased to a remarkable extent due to the impact of the international education. It has influenced the business, research and cultural relations within and between Australia and its partners. It has provided extra revenue to the institutions of Australia and has enabled them to improve the quality of the facilities and with the services of education. It has helped in placing those graduates, who are competent to hold, social, economic, political and systematic roles within their countries. Therefore, in future this country needs to provide additional platforms to the students from the different parts of the world effectively. References Arnove, R.F., Torres, C.A. and Franz, S. eds., 2012.Comparative education: The dialectic of the global and the local. Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Bhandari, R. and Blumenthal, P., 2013. International students and global mobility in higher education: National trends and new directions.International Studies,1(11), pp.316-317. Dyster, B. and Meredith, D., 2012.Australia in the global economy: continuity and change. Cambridge University Press. Financial Review. (2016). Education is Australia's $20b export. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/news/policy/education/education-revenue-soars-to-become-australias-20-billion-export-20160203-gmke3k?logout=true [Accessed 3 Aug. 2016]. Lauder, H., Young, M., Daniels, H., Balarin, M. and Lowe, J. eds., 2012.Educating for the Knowledge Economy?: Critical Perspectives. Routledge. Marginson, S., 2015. International Education in Australia: A long way down.International Higher Education, (62). Marginson, S., 2015. Is Australia overdependent on international students?.International Higher Education, (54). Olsen, A.J., Burgess, Z. and Sharma, R., 2015. The comparative academic performance of international students in Australia.International Higher Education, (42). Stromquist, N.P. and Monkman, K. eds., 2014.Globalization and education: Integration and contestation across cultures. RL Education.

Your Journey of Discovery Through the Module Essay Example

Your Journey of Discovery Through the Module Essay Write a critical reflective essay (1000 words) on your journey of discovery through the module, set within the context of the learning outcomes. In particular, describe how the course challenged your thinking, brought to you new and interesting ideas and concepts, or, presented approaches to the topic with which you may have disagreed Marketing Design Innovation ?A CLOSER LOOK AT CUSTOMER NEEDS AND WANTS Customers, consumers and clients. Product and Service Functionality. Product and Service Dependence. Product and Service Performance. Distinction between Want and Need, from the Perspective of Perception, Ownership and Use. Serqual Model: Service quality gap model: Distinction between wants and needs: ?ROLE OF COMMUNICATION AND BRANDING IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: Product and Service Value Branding, Brand Value and Competitive Advantage Marketing Communications Projection of Ideas and Concepts to Target Markets Poster’s value Chain: The primary activities are: Inbound logistics Marketing and sales The secondary activities are: Procurement ,Technological ,Human resource management Firm’s Service value Chain: Respect, Personalise, Advocacy, Care ,Attention http://ecorner. stanford. edu/authorMaterialInfo. html? id=2880 Branding: Objectives of Good Branding: Benefits of Branding: Brand value Creating Brand value Competitive Advantage: How brand leads to Competitive Advantage: Instances where brands not creating Competitive Advantage: Target Market: Market Segmentation, Advantages of segmentation (Source: Doyle, 1994) Segmenting Consumer Markets Geographic segmentation Demographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation Behavioral segmentation Strategies to reach target Markets: Marketing Communication Mix: Five groups of promotional tools: Advertising Public Relations Sales Promotions Direct marketing We will write a custom essay sample on Your Journey of Discovery Through the Module specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Your Journey of Discovery Through the Module specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Your Journey of Discovery Through the Module specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Personal Selling ?DESIGN PROCESS AND PRINCIPALS OF PRODUCT AND SERVICE DESIGN The introduction to Design The main Principals of product and service design Engineering design focuses on the function of a product. That is, whether or not it will perform mechanically, electrically, thermally, etc. On the other hand, industrial design addresses the form of the product. That is, it focuses on aspects such as the product’s shape, colour, decoration, packaging, style and image. In very general terms, engineering design aims to make the product work; industrial design aims to make it sell.

LinkedIn Profile Summary Tip Distinguishing Yourself from Your Company

LinkedIn Profile Summary Tip Distinguishing Yourself from Your Company Are You Conflating Yourself with Your Company? One of the biggest mistakes I see people make in their LinkedIn profile Summary is that they do not distinguish who they are from who their company is. I call this â€Å"conflating† yourself with your company. â€Å"Conflating† is a completely natural thing to do, especially if you, like so many of us, identify yourself very strongly with your company. It just doesn’t work for your readers and potential customers. When I read a Summary on LinkedIn, I want it to tell me who that person is beyond the great professional photo up top. If I wanted to hear all about a company, I would go to the company website or LinkedIn page. I’m looking at your personal profile to learn more about you! Why You Should Separate Your Companys Accomplishments from Your Own Here’s an example from a LinkedIn profile Summary I reviewed, along with my commentary: Over 17 years of expertise providing social networking strategy consulting and implementation in organizations such as Motorola, BF Goodrich, ATT, American Express, Medtronic, CNA, UBS and hundreds of emerging companies looking to build key account relationships with large organizations, innovate new products or build their brands through social networking. Did you make it through that one? It was difficult, wasn’t it? Not only is this otherwise impressive list of credentials a run-on sentence, but it leaves us confused: Is this person talking about herself or her company? Does she have 17 years of experience or does her company? After reading this entire paragraph, I’m still wondering†¦ who is she? Her next paragraph goes on as follows: We offer a unique, exclusive and cost-effective process to build leadership, sales and customer networks to grow revenue exponentially. Recently Crains named me the best networker in Chicago. I am also the author of eleven books (just working on book twelve)†¦. Do you see where in the middle of a paragraph she switches from the subject â€Å"we† to the subject â€Å"I†? Again, who is she vs. who is her company? The above networking expert has stellar credentials and recommendations and is up to big things – but we might not ever get around to reading past the first two lines of her Summary. Its Possible to Sell Yourself AND Your Company Now, here’s an example of someone who does a great job of distinguishing himself from his company, and who succeeds in selling both: I am a research professional and LinkedIn trainer with more than eight years of combined market intelligence, competitive intelligence and Internet recruiting experience. My focus has been on deep web sourcing, executive interviews and online social networking. I enjoy networking with professionals from any industry on a global scale and encourage you to contact me at any time. Thanks! See how this entire paragraph is about the person himself? It works! We’re right there with him! His second section reads as follows: Current Phelps Research Services Initiatives: * Networking with business professionals in the greater Milwaukee, Madison and Chicago areas * Selling and conducting targeted LinkedIn training to corporations. Here he clearly makes a switch from talking about himself to talking about his company. We get that he is the principal in the company and we know who’s behind these initiatives. We stay engaged and wanting to read more. I encourage you to look at your LinkedIn profile Summary. Have you conflated yourself with your company? If so, it’s time to re-write that Summary and distinguish yourself and who you are. That’s what we go there to discover. If you are interested in working with The Essay Expert on your LinkedIn Summary, Headline or other LinkedIn strategies, please let us know! Take a moment to learn more about the LinkedIn profile writing services we provide. A LinkedIn profile review is a great place start! Category:LinkedInBy Brenda BernsteinAugust 23, 2009

Adult Learning Today Essay Example for Free

Adult Learning Today Essay ? Adult learning has become the number one priority in everyone’s lives. The motivation and drive that is brought on by dreams and goals is phenomenal. Adult learners must be motivated to want to further their education. â€Å"Back in the 20th century various individuals, such as John Dewey, Eduard Lindeman, and Martha Anderson all pursued theories about Andragogy which was first used by Alexander Kapp in 1833† (Abela J, 2009). Andragogy means man and was used to describe the educational theory of the Greek philosopher Plato. Adults engaging in continuing education were studied in this theory. Andragogy assumes that â€Å"adults are independent, have various experiences, are motivated by internal drives, and integrate their learning into everyday life† (Abela J, 2009). It is easier to learn and teach when it is something that is well known. This article covers Andragogy learning theory because it is used now a day more than ever. The drive that keeps continuing education is oneself. The drive to motivation is based off of the Hierarchy of needs: self-actualization, esteem needs, social needs, safety needs, and physiological needs. The role of educators is the catalyst for motivation. It is easier to learn when the person teaching is knowledgeable and cares about the education aspects. However, reflection and motivation are insufficiently addressed by this concept. Learning activities should address the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to what is needed to become knowledgeable in retaining the information. Feedback when learning new information becomes an important role so that one may know whether the information is being comprehended as well as being retained for further use. Adults find motivation within the demands and desires of their lives, in providing for themselves and for their families, and in satisfying personal dreams and ambitions. Motivation may also come from inside a person or the surrounding environment. In everyday life as well as in the work aspects furthering education is the best way to stay up to date. Andragogy is a great theory and is used in everyday life more than realized. By looking into the reasoning behind all my motivation there are the answers I have always tried to find. What am I working towards? For who? I am an adult learner and motivation is key to my life and what I want out of it. Motivation is my drive to furthering my own education. Andragogy actually describes me perfectly. I am motivated, independent, and I apply all my knowledge to everyday life. It helps greatly when professors and educators actually work with you and help you better understand the information being taught versus just being a â€Å"teacher† for the money. I feel as if teachers online especially have lost sight of the education aspects. Left out from the summary Andragogy is a popular theory used in medical education. Theory works perfectly into my life even though I am a Business major; I also have the drive to help the elderly, so I am a certified nursing assistant. My professors have been there for me and helped me greatly. My learning style is independent much like Andragogy but, I also have to apply everything I learn into everyday life or I won’t be able to retain all the information given. Motivation is the key to anything you want to achieve in life and motivation is what keeps me going during the long work weeks and the long school hours. If one concept doesn’t work then move onto another concept until the learning style clicks. In this article the medical field and this adult learning theory works exceptionally well. Although this may be just another theory, it is of great importance to the adult learners furthering their education. We can better understand the world around us and how things are done if we understand how to retain the information given. As a full-time student, young mom, and full-time worker, online education has been more than helpful. It is my motivation to finish my associates, then finish out with my bachelors, and move forward to the next steps in my life. They say, â€Å"You can’t teach an old dog new tricks†, teach things the first time and use all concepts needed and you will soon achieve life goals. By furthering your education you may open up doors and opportunities you would not have gotten if you had not decided to go to school. Education is the best decision you could make for yourself as well as to make the world a better place by being educated. Works Cited Abela, J. (2009). Adult learning theories and medical education: a review. Malta Medical Journal, 21(1), 11-18. Merriam S (2008). Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century. Pg. 119. Adult Learning Today. (2016, Dec 31).

1.How are many-to-many relationships addressed in the relational model Essay

1.How are many-to-many relationships addressed in the relational model Provide a specific example other than the one in your textbook. Illustrate your answer using IE Crows Foot E-R diagrams - Essay Example In a relational model, the many-to-many relationship cannot directly be modeled. Such a relationship has to be converted into multiple one-to-many relationships first. Therefore, a many-to-many relationship is represented in the form of three tables in the model; the two original tables and a junction table. For the country-language example stated above, the relationship is formed as shown in the figure below. The many-to-many relationship between country and language is converted into two one-to-many relationships between the two entities and the the junction table. In the junction table (CountryLanguage), the unique primary key is a composite key (CountryID, LanguageID) which is formed by the two foreign keys which refer to the primary keys of the ‘country’ (CountryID) and ‘language’ (LanguageID)

Report about the aviation bureau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Report about the aviation bureau - Essay Example It provides air transport summary data, which is summary information about the nonstop segment and on-flight market. This is a report by air carriers on Form 41 and 298C (U.S Department of Transport, 2015). The bureau gives airline on-time performance data. The data accounts for at least one percent of domestic booked passenger revenues, which consist of scheduled and actual arrivals and departure times for flights, and it is reported monthly. Other services offered are as follows. Origin and Destination Survey (DB1B) which includes data of origin, destination, and other itinerary details of carried passenger and at least a sample of 10% airline tickets is taken from reporting carrier. American Travel Survey: it includes national data on the nature and features of long-distance personal travels. Aviation support: It provides comprehensive geographical data and carrier entities. Commodity Flow Survey: It is conducted in every five years and consists of shipment information. Intermodal Passenger Connectivity Database consist of national data table of passenger transportation terminals with information on connectivity among the various scheduled public transportation (U.S Department of Transport, 2015). Small Air Carrier Statistics is information on small carrier performance in booked or non-booked and charter services. Air carrier employees comprise of a number of employees of all major domestic air carriers. Aviation Accid ent Database and Synopses are database of unsafe civil aviation incidents within the state and in global water. Accidents summary is a brief of all annual fatalities, injuries, and accident of all air carriers. Finally, aviation safety reporting system is a collection of data sets relevant to aviation

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay Dickens promptly introduces the reader to Pip who serves both as the retrospective narrator and as the young protagonist of the novel. This works on a two level approach with regard to guiding us through the plot as an omnipotent narrator whilst simultaneously leading us through Pip’s life with the immediacy of a first person narrative. It is clear from the beginning that it is Pip’s perceptions which entirely define the events and characters of the novel. Dickens utilises this dichotomy in the opening chapter by exploiting Pip’s narrative perspective. We are introduced to Pip as if in the midst of a pleasant conversation with him, ‘I give Pirrip as my father’s family name†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Immediately after however, we are subjected to the unravelling thoughts and fears of a frightened child under threat. This serves to capture our attention and instil a sense of compassion for Pip, for who we fear the worst. Dickens employs Pip as the narrator to present a prospective and prophetic relationship between himself and the escaped convict. As a reader, this initially appears to be a strange concept solely based on the power dynamics between Pip and the convict and his demands, with Pip reciprocating for fear of his life. However, as they part, Pip looks back to see the man walking alone into the marshes. This metaphorical image of the convict hugging ‘his shuddering body in both his arms’ on the horizons with the gallows, is strikingly familiar to the initial image we had of Pip who was holding himself in the cold, alone in the churchyard with the gravestones of his dead parents. As a reader, it appears that their relationship seems to warm at that moment, with the two sharing a common loneliness and marginalisation from society – the orphan and the escaped convict. Dickens uses this characterisation to develop our imagination of Pip, in that whilst Pip is afraid, he insti nctively displays a sympathetic reaction and remains resolute. Pip’s description of the convict when he first meets him seems elongated in response to the time he would have actually viewed him with, as he ‘only [had] a moment to see it’. Pip describes the convict as a man ‘who limped, and shivered, and glared, and growled’. The repetition of the word ‘and’ before each verb makes the list of the convict’s appearance sound considerably longer. The use of an iambic poetic rhythm further reinforces this idea that the list is made to sound longer. The words used to describe the convict are also stressed to sound more convincing, creating an extended metaphor of an animal. Pip is afraid of this ‘fearful man’ because of his animal like features and wounds. The portrayal of the convict cannot be easily forgotten for the reader and our imagination of him becomes almost reality. Dickens gives no clear indication of the man’s future in Pip’s life but he does create the sense t hat the convict will return, largely by building up a sense of mystery around the convict’s situation and his relationship with Pip. Dickens creates sympathy for Pip by making it explicitly clear that he has been deprived of parental guidance. He has never known his parents, ‘The shape of the letter’s on my father’s, gave me an odd idea that he was a square, stout, dark man, with curly black hair.’ This image of Pip being completely alone in a desolate cemetery trying to imagine the appearances of his parents makes us commiserate with him. We are also reminded of his youth and innocence with the childish conclusions he arrives at regarding the appearances of his parents. The gravestone reads ‘also Georgiana, wife of the above’, and in Pip thinking that his Mother’s name is actually ‘also Georgiana’, we sympathise with him for his lack of awareness. We are able to establish from this that Mrs Joe Gargery never mentions or talks about their Mother, which again makes us realise his lack of parental love. This light-hearted ponder at the gravestone’s inscriptions briefly lifts the sombre mood of the chapter which largely revolves around death, and allows Dickens to lessen the dramatic tension building up. We can conclude from this chapter that Pip has experienced loss and death at an early age but he seems accustomed to it. However, it could also reveal how Pip is lacking in certain life experiences, which we realise could affect him and his choices negatively in the future. We discover that Pip’s five younger brothers gave up trying to obtain a living exceedingly early in that ‘universal struggle’. Whilst they had ‘given in’ but Pip himself hadn’t, it reveals his resilience and strength to succeed. Knowing this, this early in the novel about Pip’s character, it infuses the read er with a sense of optimism about Pip and his future. Dickens concentrates heavily on the ‘bleak’ settings and grave moods to prepare the reader for a sense of what’s to come in the story, and of Pip. Dickens thoroughly describes the setting of the eerie Kent marshes in detail in order to deliver a definite mood early in the novel. The use of the setting in a graveyard works a mood of isolation and desolation; Pip is isolated by the fact he is an orphan. The graveyard itself is described as ‘bleak’ and ‘overgrown’, conveying that it has been neglected much like Pip himself. The repetition of ‘dead and buried’ further lowers the mood. Pip recalls that his ‘most vivid and broad impression of the identity of things’ is placed at a time between light and dark – perhaps symbolising the transition from good to bad, which we realise may be relevant later in Pip’s life. We see that Pip realises this whilst being shaken upside down by the convict, symbolising t hat he has a distorted view of things, with them perhaps being upside down themselves. Dickens sets the chapter in a graveyard to deliver a sombre mood. A wide open space seems harsher than an inside enclosed one, and Pip is less familiar with them. The external world offers Dickens a space to experiment with the idea of Pip being afraid of things he has not previously experienced. This makes Pip feel unsettled and isolated, which is passed on to an involved reader. The derelict setting is further reflected in the mood as Dickens describes the landscape surrounding the churchyard. He continually describes it as a ‘dark flat wilderness’ which is dreary in appearance and has the possibility to harbour deep and unknown dangers. Obstacles in the marshes such as ‘dykes’, ‘mounds’, and ‘gates’ work as visual obstructions for Pip but on a metaphorical level as symbols for possible upcoming obstacles in Pip’s life. Dickens maintains the use of words such as ‘flat’, ‘low’ and ‘darkâ€℠¢ which gives an eerie feel and dense mood to the opening chapter. There is also further symbolism in Pip’s surrounding, in that there is both a flowing river and flat, solid ground on the same landscape. This could reflect that there are two ways in which to travel the same distance and that Pip is soon to have to choose a path to take, which will in turn alter his life. This is thought provoking and concerning to us as a reader, whilst simultaneously intensifying the already dampening mood. The marshland is repeatedly represented as a place where good meets sin, and this is clear in the skyline. It has ‘long angry red lines and dense black lines intermixed’, and these frightening colours and the ‘darkness of the sky’ all accentuate Pip’s vulnerability in this graveyard full of misery, with the pathetic fallacy working to highlight his isolation. There are also only two vertical structures on the horizontal landscape of the marshes – a beacon and gallows. The beacon’s use is to guide sailors home and steer them from danger, whereas gallows are used to hang criminals for crimes they have committed. These two structures symbolise good and evil and the choices in which Pip is to make – leading to either a life of good or a life of sin. The ‘green mounds’ and ‘nettles’ all portray the hostility of everything against Pip, with connotations of something that could hurt him. The ‘wind’ rushes from the ‘distant savage lair’. This metaphor is used to describe the sea from which the ‘wind is rushing’ and the use of pathetic fallacy creates a harsh and tense atmosphere of a claustrophobic nature. However, to Pip, the wind is a wild beast and the ‘savage lair’ is the den from which the wind comes. This further intensifies the sympathy we as a reader have for Pip. To conclude, Dickens utilises the vulnerability and innocence of Pip to evoke both sympathy and anticipation for the young boy and his future. It is the confusion of the opening chapter’s happenings and the title ‘Great Expectations’ which makes us as a reader eager to continue the novel and our journey with Pip.

Irving Washington, The History of New York Essay example -- Literary R

Irving Washington was born in 1783 in New York into a large family where he was the youngest of eleven children. He started his career from a law office feeling that it was a job not to his heart content. Being light-hearted and sardonic in his nature he attempted to write for the journal of his brother Peter called â€Å"The Morning Chronicle†. Later Irving and Peter thought of creating a high-quality literary mockery. Originally the text intended nothing else but a satire upon the â€Å"Picture of New York† by Dr. Samuel Mitchell whose text was rather boastful of erudition and pedantry; however, it turned out to be different from the original perspective broadening the scope of interpretative thinking over to history and philosophy as two great narratives. The text was published December 6, 1809 in New York when Irving Washington was 26 and brought him considerable critical acclaim. Worth mentioning are the two timelines: the actual historical timeline of the story which embraces the first two decades of the XVII century. Literary selection suggested revolves around a historical episode of purchase of New York (namely Manhattan Island) from the Indians and further life of the Dutchmen. In 1626 Peter Menuit arrived at the colony called New Amsterdam to govern as well as take part in educational and religious activities of the settlers. The first priority for the governor to realize was a purchase of the Island of Manhattan. The estimated sum of transaction was twenty-four dollars, which Irving Washington calls â€Å"a measure almost unparalleled in the annals of discovery and colonization† (Tuttleton, 1993, p. 209-212). The second timeline is actually tangible through the author’s voice within the frame of narration, as he comes from two... ...he other side of the conflict is never articulated, thus suppressed, kept silent and, therefore, eliminated, which makes the entire concept of conflict as a productive means of history. Irving Washington wrote the text looking back two centuries. Apart from being a satire it deconstructs the concept of history by devaluation of the conflict via removal of one of its constituents or dehumanization of it which is one of the main implied themes of the story. Works Cited Aderman, Ralph. M. Critical Essays on Washington Irving. // John G. Lockhart. Review of Knickerbocker’s History of New York. G.K. Hall & Co., 1990. P. 50. Irving, Washington. A History of New York: Washington Irving: History, Tales and Sketches. NY: the Library of Congress, 1983. P. 449-55. Tuttleton, James W. Washington Irving: the Critical Reaction. AMS Press, 1993. P. 209-212. Irving Washington, The History of New York Essay example -- Literary R Irving Washington was born in 1783 in New York into a large family where he was the youngest of eleven children. He started his career from a law office feeling that it was a job not to his heart content. Being light-hearted and sardonic in his nature he attempted to write for the journal of his brother Peter called â€Å"The Morning Chronicle†. Later Irving and Peter thought of creating a high-quality literary mockery. Originally the text intended nothing else but a satire upon the â€Å"Picture of New York† by Dr. Samuel Mitchell whose text was rather boastful of erudition and pedantry; however, it turned out to be different from the original perspective broadening the scope of interpretative thinking over to history and philosophy as two great narratives. The text was published December 6, 1809 in New York when Irving Washington was 26 and brought him considerable critical acclaim. Worth mentioning are the two timelines: the actual historical timeline of the story which embraces the first two decades of the XVII century. Literary selection suggested revolves around a historical episode of purchase of New York (namely Manhattan Island) from the Indians and further life of the Dutchmen. In 1626 Peter Menuit arrived at the colony called New Amsterdam to govern as well as take part in educational and religious activities of the settlers. The first priority for the governor to realize was a purchase of the Island of Manhattan. The estimated sum of transaction was twenty-four dollars, which Irving Washington calls â€Å"a measure almost unparalleled in the annals of discovery and colonization† (Tuttleton, 1993, p. 209-212). The second timeline is actually tangible through the author’s voice within the frame of narration, as he comes from two... ...he other side of the conflict is never articulated, thus suppressed, kept silent and, therefore, eliminated, which makes the entire concept of conflict as a productive means of history. Irving Washington wrote the text looking back two centuries. Apart from being a satire it deconstructs the concept of history by devaluation of the conflict via removal of one of its constituents or dehumanization of it which is one of the main implied themes of the story. Works Cited Aderman, Ralph. M. Critical Essays on Washington Irving. // John G. Lockhart. Review of Knickerbocker’s History of New York. G.K. Hall & Co., 1990. P. 50. Irving, Washington. A History of New York: Washington Irving: History, Tales and Sketches. NY: the Library of Congress, 1983. P. 449-55. Tuttleton, James W. Washington Irving: the Critical Reaction. AMS Press, 1993. P. 209-212.

Marketing Microwave Ovens to a New Market Segment Essay

Executive Summary White Appliances is an international company that specializes in manufacturing and marketing appliances globally. The company is well known for their line of microwaves. Whereas most of their products are manufactured in the U.S and while most of the appliances are exported to the U.S and the European market, White Appliances also markets several high-end models in India where they face some issues in trying to penetrate the market. Moreover, the demand for microwave ovens has gradually increased in the past couple of years. Subsequently White Appliances had to come to a conclusion that in addition to the market of their high-end models, they must introduce new microwave ovens at all price levels in order to target the total amount of households in India. By evaluating the problems such as the culture differences between the west and the east or whether it is the consumer’s limited knowledge towards the household appliance, we determined the different strategies and alternativ es to tackle such issues. Statement of the Problem The case study focuses on the challenges of the Indian kitchen appliances  market for microwaves. Before the liberalization of the Indian economy, only a few local companies were the major players in the kitchen appliances market. But, after opening the market for foreign competitors also global players like e.g. Samsung or LG push into the market. The kitchen appliances market seems to be very promising as extensive growth in the next years is predicted. Nevertheless this emerging market in India focuses several challenges. At first the Indian market for microwaves is very different from the American market where the market share holding companies are very successful. There are several cultural specifies to consider. The Indian food for example differs a lot from the American. While Indian food has a high significance for the people, is pretty complex and time consuming to cook; the Americans emphasize an easy and simple way of cooking. Indians prefer cooking with fresh ingredients, a great variety of spices and herbs and have their own list of cooking techniques and equipments that are needed for the recipe. Contrary, the Americans prefer their food grilled or direct rather than steamed cooked over dry heat. But, there are not only crosscultural differences concerning the food, there are also differences between the geographic areas of India itself as the Indian cuisine varies between the Southern and Northern part of the country. 3 Further, there are significant variations in the cultural characteristics. Indian people mostly live in big families with close alliances. In contrast, in the American society live a lot of single people. As really individualistic culture, the families’ ties were not that tight as in India. One of the biggest challenges, that need to be faced, is the missing knowledge of the consumers. Mostly Indian people do not know how to use the microwave properly. Most of the (potential) consumers do not expect that all of the Indian dishes can even be prepared in the microwave, not only heated up. So they miss the big advantages like timesaving at cooking, that nobody has to keep an eye on the food constantly while all vitamins and nutrients retain in the food and furthermore the simplification of cleaning afterwards. Another problem that goes hand in hand with the missing knowledge of the consumers is the price discussion of the microwaves. For  the traditional poor Indian middle class, the very expensive first introduced microwave models were unattractive. Additionally the models were not adequate for the Indian market as the big Indian vessels did not fit in. Even though most manufacturers reacted by designing the microwaves according to the special Indian needs and a price cut, the sales volume did not increase notably. This leads to the chicken – egg question for the company- the prices will not come down easily until volumes up, while volume depends on prices. Additionally, the kitchen appliances market is nowadays predominated by some brands what makes it more complicate for new companies to get more market share. On the other hand, there still is a lot of potential to penetrate this relatively new market. Especially the recent development like rising living standards and wages and also the fact that household applications like washing machines are no luxury good any more, eases a market entry and increase of market share. Better access to consumer awareness and the big advantages that microwave cooking could bring to consumers also strengthens the possibilities of a White Appliances. 4 Situation Analysis To be successful in entering the Indian kitchen application market White Appliances need to identify controllable and uncontrollable elements of the markets. This can best be shown in a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-and-Threats-Analysis (SWOT). Strength – Weaknesses Microwaves are easy to use and – High price for the customers understandable for almost everybody – Microwaves aren’t common in India Convenient and efficient way of ! The presence of microwaves at cooking – Indian markets is rather weak – Time Saving – Longtime use of appliances – – Chicken-egg problem (price vs.  High technology- ideally for the  volume)  technically affine Indian people – Wide product range from high-end to basic models with different categories Opportunities – Threats New, diverse target groups in India – Trends in society (Health  available (men in the kitchen in  general, bachelors, students, young  in food industry, doubts of  women etc.) – consciousness, slow movement trend microwave radiation) New form of lifestyles and rising – Different cultural background than in living standards High interest in innovations and Indian society versus individualistic technology of Indian people could be – other markets (e.g. collectivistic Americans) used stronger by White Appliances – – Different eating habits (Western vs. Indian food, fresh vs. convenient sales in the future – Proposed bright future for microwave food, different eating habits) Only little market penetration by – Consumer’s knowledge about the use competitors – of microwaves is little, difficult to Proposed increase of retail stores convince them – Environment of competition tightens as the market is promising 5 Objectives and Goals To make the market entry in the Indian market successfully, it is important to set objectives and intermediate objectives. A goal is to find a suitable strategy to enter the market with longterm success. White appliance would like to establish itself on the market and to prevail against the major competitor. They want to increase their market share to profit from the proposed market development. It’s important that they communicate their services and predict on the market. The people need getting to know quickly and effectively the microwaves from the White appliance. To increase the awareness and the sale of microwave oven and especially of the microwaves from white appliance it is necessary to promote the knowledge of microwave cooking in India. People need to know how to use a microwave with all its functions. White appliance should have special product offerings to make the buying of a microwave more attractive. They have to offer different price ranges of the product and it can be useful to corporate with experienced partner for distribution. Strategy and Evaluations For entering a new market, a lot of decisions have to be made and a consistent strategy has to be implemented. In the following, a recommended strategy for the White Appliances Company will be introduced by focusing on product, price, distribution and communication, the marketing core elements  of all products. (1) Product In response to entering a new market and being confronted with new cultural and social behavior and habits, the adaption of the product to the Indian culture and cuisine is essential. To meet the exact needs of the new market, the investment in Research & Development as well as in product innovation is a significant first step in developing a successful and sustainable marketing strategy. Especially value added features like user-friendly one-touch program buttons, an energy saver mode or a microwave size that suits to Indian families and cooking habits need to be reconsidered in the product innovation process. Therefore every microwave model for the Indian market comes with high volume space, as this is essential to the Indian family sizes. Based on this, different microwave models will be implemented, which inhabit their special functions and features fitted to different target groups. The product range of White Appliances should include at the beginning two different models, one b asic model in a lower price range to reach a high market penetration and second a 6  comfort model, for a target group, searching for a more comfortable way of cooking with microwaves. The basic model aims to reach the advancing lower-middle class, which can be seen as the most prosperous target group. The microwave comes with a basic interface to set power and time. A manual guide will be provided to inform the customer how to make the best out of the different setting options. This microwave type will be manufactured in Asia, whereas low production and import costs can be reached, to establish a low product price. The comfort model comes with different program-buttons in addition, which eases handling and leads to a more comfortable cooking experience. This model targets the status-oriented middle-class, which aims to have a functional but comfortable cooking experience. The comfort model will be produced in the U.S., as the target group will be more qualityconscious too. If these two microwave types are established successfully in the market, a high-price combimodel will be launched in a long-term strategy. It can already be seen, that combination-oven (convection and microwave) gain more and more importance, especially in a  higher-middle class, but as the production is way more costly, it is connected with a higher risk as ROI has to be gained through high product prices. As higher the consumer’s investment, as more factors will be considered, whereas already existing brand awareness in the market would be supportive, what speaks as well for a product launch in a second phase. Regardless of whether the customer decides to buy a basic, comfort, or premium microwave model, the introduction of an excellent after-sales-service could be helpful in creating an USP (unique selling proposition) for White Appliances and to stand out from their competitors in the market. The implementation of a service-hotline, a customer-care website providing information according to the handling of the product and answering frequently asked questions as well as video-tutorials via YouTube, the offer ing of a repair service or warranties are just some examples that could be considered in creating an excellent customer service. (2) Price The two respectively three different models will be established within their own price segment. The basic model will be sold in a cheap price range round about Rs. 5000. The cheap price has to be absorbed by a high volume. This is a risky step as a high sales rate is premise, but it is the only way to solve the chicken-egg-problem of low prices can only be reached through high volume. Further it gains a high penetration in the market and can raise brand awareness fast. The comfort model will be sold for round about Rs. 10.000. This establishes our brand, as a microwave seller for affordable models, but quality and more 7  functional features will speak for the higher price. Besides, the offering of a coupled two years warrantee could increase the consumer’s attraction to this model. The premium model, which will be launched in the second phase, will be rolled-out to the market with a price of Rs. 15.000. To cut costs of production, a long-term goal could be to promote the basic microwave innovation in local manufacturing and only to continue importing the premium models. To support sales, a combination package with microwave glass-bowls and cooking equipment could be offered, in an each similar price range, which will be especially interesting to microwave starters. It can be assumed that a high percentage of the main target group buys a microwave for  the first time. (3) Distribution The distribution will be best and easiest implemented through existing kitchen equipment retailers. This gives the opportunities to sell the own product in combination with special kitchen promotion packages and fits to the existing consumer purchase habits. (4) Communication The communication strategy can be divided into two parts. The first part aims to raise knowledge about microwaves and its functionality in general, whereas the second part pushes brand and product awareness of the White Appliance company. Consumers buy products not because of the product itself, but of its potential to solve an existing need. As Indian people are mainly new to the product microwave and its functions, most consumers won’t be aware about the need to possess a microwave in their daily life. Therefore one part of the communication strategy aims to raise general product awareness via social media and TVshow cooperation. For TV-show cooperation, existing, successful cooking shows could be used to present microwaves and their functionality for daily cooking. Of course the TV-studio would be equipped with microwaves from White Appliance, but in the communication the product usefulness is primer. In parts of social media marketing, a Facebook fan-page is imaginable, where microwave recipes and tips will be promoted. The social media site, shall be named more focused on its purpose and should not be included in the company’s fan-page. Rather a â€Å"powered by† addition should make up the connection to the company. This naming makes sure, that it is findable for those, who want to know more about microwaves and its usefulness, further the site-name is promising for its purpose. 8 Besides an increased awareness about microwave and its functionality in general, the popularity of the own brand has to be pushed. This can be done sustainably via the following communication channels: †¢ TV-Commercial †¢ Promotion tour (microwave party in style of Tupperware parties, food tasting on the street, in supermarkets etc.) †¢ Point-of-Sale specials as e.g. free microwave cook books, when buying an oven †¢ Offer special services to the client (video-tutorials on YouTube; FAQ on website; hotline) As well the communication via an own App would be reasonable, but as the development of an app is pretty costly, a launch is recommended in the second phase, when the investment can be defrayed by the gained sales. As every strategy has its advantages and disadvantages, those will be presented in the following, to show the strengths of the strategy, but as well where weaknesses have to be eyed. (1) Product To enter the market with a basic model to reach the promising low-middle class target group seems pretty prosperous. Further he more comfort-oriented middle-class will be reached with a second model, so that the market entering strategy is based on a brought target group and the brand awareness will be raised by a penetration strategy. The risk of that strategy lies therein, that competitors might plan the same and the market will be overflowed by pricy microwaves. (2) Price As the production for the basic model takes place in the region, this leads to low production and logistic costs. In combination with a high volume, the  market can be entered with a low price to reach the low-middle class. Although this sounds pretty promising, the strategy is not without any risk, as the success is depending on the sales volume, which has to be very high. (3) Distribution The distribution via existing retailers leads to lower investments and the company doesn’t need to care about the legal environment. Further an already existing and proofed distribution system is used. Nevertheless the distribution via retailers means a certain loss of control, as 9  those retailers have their own demands. The offer of a trade discount to all retail partners for the first year could be helpful to diminish this risk and to create an initial demand. (4) Communication The communication strategy does not only focus on the product itself but rather on the general benefit of the usage of the product, which is the start of a sustainable product communication where the brand communication can be build on. But the penetration of the different channels as introduced means a big investment to the company. Recommendations and Contingencies For a sustainable and successful market approach, the whole strategy must be implemented in once, because all parts – product, price, distribution, and communication – depend on each other. Further it is important, that sufficient attention will be given to every single part of the strategy. When it was sensible, an implementation in two phases – short-term and long-term – is suggested, to decrease risk and base higher investments on the by then hopefully already existing success and high sales. The marketing strategy needs to be implemented carefully, avoiding to offend the socialcultural behavior and habits of the Indian community. Therefore the strategy has to be controlled and reconsidered all time while implementing, to detect further weaknesses and optimization potential. Only by paying attention to market behavior and key figures, the success of the running strategy can be proofed and in case adjusted.

Beowulf Comprehension Questions Essay

Please be sure that you answer in complete sentences using quotes from the text to support your responses. After reading Section 1: 1. What role does Hrothgar play in the epic? -The role that Hrothgar played in the epic was the role of the king. 2. Who/what is causing so much grief in Hrothgar’s kingdom? -Grendel, the monster, was causing a lot of grief in the kingdom. â€Å"How Grendel wasn’t about to stop, or pay damages.† 3. How many years has this battle with Grendel been going on? -The battle with Grendel had been going for twelve years. 4. What attempts have been made to rid the land of this beast? -The council attempted to plan many attacks against Grendel. â€Å"They even went to heathen temples, worshipped idols, and called to the Devil for help.† After reading Section 2: 1. What causes Beowulf to want to help Hrothgar? How does he get there, and how many men accompany him? -Beowulf hears of the terrors of Grendel and wanted to help the king. â€Å"So the good Geat chose the bravest warriors, fourteen of them, and that crafty sailor led them to the land’s brim,to the ship.† 2. Why does Hrothgar’s soldier question Beowulf about his lineage? -Hrothgar’s soldier questions Beowulf’s lineage because he is simply guarding his kingdom. â€Å"I wish to know your lineage now so I know you are not spies going into the land of the Danes.† 3. Why is this important to that time period? -It is important because at this time there were spies who would come to kingdoms. So they do not have any traitors coming into the kingdom. 4. Do you see any examples of alliteration or kennings? -Yes you do see examples of alliteration or kennings. An example is the â€Å"Lord of the Seamen.†.

Spaying and Neutering

Spaying and Neutering Spaying and Neutering Spaying and Neutering By Maeve Maddox A local public service announcement invites listeners to telephone for further information â€Å"about spay and neutering.† A Web search finds numerous examples of the verb spay joined with the participle form: This vet clinic in SW Portland offers low-cost spay and neutering for cats and dogs. Pet Spay and Neutering Program–Just Fix It [USDA] provides a list of programs in each state that provides low cost or free spay and neutering services for cats. Several institutions and organizations offer help for pet spay and neutering or low-cost service.   The present participle of the verb spay is spaying. The examples should read â€Å"spaying and neutering†: This vet clinic in SW Portland offers low-cost spaying and neutering for cats and dogs. Pet Spaying and Neutering Program–Just Fix It [USDA] provides a list of programs in each state that provides low cost or free spaying and neutering services for cats. Several institutions and organizations offer help for pet spaying and neutering or low-cost service.   An easy way to avoid misusing the word spay in announcements of this kind would be to use only the word neuter. Unlike spay, which refers to the removal of an animal’s ovaries, the word neuter can mean either â€Å"to castrate† or â€Å"to spay.†    The past and present participle forms of the verb spay are frequently mispronounced and misspelled: Incorrect: I got my cat spaded and she got [a] hernia from the stitches. Correct : I got my cat spayed and she got [a] hernia from the stitches. Incorrect: I am contemplating  spading  and declawing my kitten when she turns 6 months old.   Correct : I am contemplating  spaying and declawing my kitten when she turns 6 months old. The past tense forms of both verbs–neuter and spay–end in -ed: neutered and spayed. The words are pronounced [nyoo-terd] or [noo-terd]) and [spayd]. Speakers who mispronounce and misspell the word spayed as spaded are perhaps confused by the existence of the word spade [spayd], which functions as both noun and verb. The verb spade (to dig) has a past form in -ed: If you did not plow or  spade the  garden site in the fall, turn the  soil  in spring as soon as it is dry enough to work. The Alcotts thrived as Bronson  spaded the  earth for his acre of garden. An interesting etymological fact is that both words–spay and spade–derive from spatha, the Latin word for a broad-bladed sword. The verb spay entered English from French espeier, â€Å"to cut with a sword.† Its earliest meaning in English was â€Å"to kill a deer with a sword,† as in these directions in a 1425 hunting manual: â€Å"spay him [the deer] even behind the shoulder forward to the heart.† The same manual also uses spay to mean removing the ovaries of an animal. The word spay got its name from the cutting aspect of a sword, whereas the word spade got its name from a sword’s tapered shape. It may help to keep the words spay and spade apart by remembering that animals are spayed with delicate medical instruments having no resemblance to broad garden implements. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsPractice or Practise? Spaying and Neutering Spaying and Neutering Free Online Research Papers Rarely does one nod ones head in approval at the thought of surgically removing dogs or cats testicles. Removing the ovaries and uterus remains similarly unheralded except for when we clarify that we mean to chip away at the sexual organs of animals all for the sake of the expensive oriental rug that runs across the living room floor as luxuriously as a furry Fido or a purring Princess. Indeed in the back of our neighbors judgmental minds lurks the suspicion that we pet owners aim to spay our female animals or neuter our male creatures because of selfish human reasons. After all, not only may a female dog in heat ruin a rug, but also an intact dog is reportedly a threat to small children in the house. Granted, sparing one’s children is hardly deemed a selfish human desire, yet we still dismiss the fact that â€Å"the age of three is prime time for an intact male dog to be involved with a terrible tragedy, such as †¦ killing children† when we admit that â€Å"obviously, not all intact male dogs are aggressive child-killers† (Davis). In a fit of projection, we humans tend to personalize the medical matter of spaying and neutering, as if our own reproductive organs – let alone sex life and hunting skills – were on the line. But research shows that expert after expert believes that it is for the sake of the animal that we allow and perform these surgical procedures. Indeed, keeping an animal intact may be more selfish, for people who want to breed dogs or cats for show are typically those who oppose state-mandated neutering programs, which – together with educational programs- have been responsible for the fact that about 75 percent of d ogs and cats have been neutered or spayed (Woolf). With mostly competitive breeders and other extremists policing the privates of animals to keep them intact, a second look at the more humane reasons for these surgical procedures is certainly warranted. As the research shows, spaying and neutering are the single most effective methods of not only easing the strain on overpopulated shelters, but also for keeping cats and dogs healthy and safe. Overpopulation of cats and dogs lead to a burden on society. Animals reproduce at extremely high rates and may give birth to a large litter of newborns. Research Papers on Spaying and NeuteringGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentResearch Process Part OneThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Health Fair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Fair - Essay Example The group was culturally homogeneous including whites, Hispanics and some pacific islanders. Most of the people were wearing jeans with tee shirts and tennis shoes. There were a few in shorts. The girls and boys were dressed the same with tee shirts and jeans. There were interesting things to note about grouping. Most of them seemed to group up with ages and some were girl, boy matched but in general it was groups of kids that looked athletic together and groups of kids that tended toward education together and then the obese kids either alone or with someone else that was obese. The group of adolescents seemed to be the ones most likely to tease each other. Some of them were having problems with their skin and some of the girls were developing physically. There were a few that were trying to act macho or stand out and several of them were already using piercings and colors in their hair. This age group was a little confusing. They seem to span many years when there are just a few. It certainly is a time when they are beginning to want to be just like each other or totally different from each other.. Dental health is what this writer participated in. The questions that were ask at the booth were how many times should you brush your teeth every day and how many times should you floss How often should you go to the dentist. I, personally did not learn a lot about this topic because dental health is extremely important to me so I try to stay on top of

Adolescent Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adolescent Behavior - Essay Example It is the phase which could not be always unconstructive but it is the phase where the individuals experience thoughtfulness, idealism, understandings for surroundings and self and at the same time they become judgmental. Thus children belonging to this group are more energetic as well as enthusiastic (Thomas, 2008; A Parent's Guide to Surviving the teen years). Understanding is required by the parents to deal with their growing adolescent child. It is the phase that is different for everyone, anytime between 8 years to 14 years. Some of the kids belong to the category of premature bloomers, some are delayed arrivers, some may show speedy developments while others may display steady growth. This onsets the adult signs and child display physical changes. It is essential to understand that with these physical changes comes the behavioral changes as well (Thomas, 2008). It is generally observed that kids illustrate rebellious nature towards parents and start counting more on their frien ds and peers. They believe more what their peers say as compared to what parents are saying, thereby they rely on peers more for any kind of decision. They try to change their outlook and appearance as per the need of time, in doing so they may encounter conflict with the parents. The adolescent kid may face some emotional turmoil as well as they aim in achieving independence in terms of thoughts and in every pursuit.